Inorganic separator for a high temperature silver-zinc battery

Electrode design, inorganic separators, and performance tests of multiplate five ampere-hour silver-zinc battery cel

A 1200-micron MAMBO survey of ELAISN2 and the Lockman Hole - I. Maps, sources and number counts

The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com '.--Copyright Blackwell Publishing. DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08235.xWe present a deep, new 1200μm survey of the ELAISN2 and Lockman Hole fields using the Max Planck Millimeter Bolometer array (MAMBO). The areas surveyed are 160 arcmin2 in ELAISN2 and 197 arcmin2 in the Lockman Hole, covering the entire SCUBA ‘8mJy Survey’. In total, 27 (44) sources have been detected at a significance 4.0 ( 3.5 ). The primary goals of the survey were to investigate the reliability of (sub)millimetre galaxy (SMG) samples, to analyse SMGs using flux ratios sensitive to redshift at z > 3, and to search for ‘SCUBA drop-outs’, i.e. galaxies at z >> 3. We present the 1200μm number counts and find evidence of a fall at bright flux levels. Employing parametric models for the evolution of the local 60μm IRAS luminosity function (LF), we are able to account simultaneously for the 1200 and 850μm counts, suggesting that the MAMBO and SCUBA sources trace the same underlying population of high-redshift, dust-enshrouded galaxies. From a nearest-neighbour clustering analysis we find tentative evidence that themost significantMAMBO sources come in pairs, typically separated by 23′′. Our MAMBO observations unambiguously confirm around half of the SCUBA sources. In a robust sub-sample of 13 SMGs detected by both MAMBO and SCUBA at a significance 3.5 , only one has no radio counterpart. Furthermore, the distribution of 850/1200μmflux density ratios for this sub-sample is consistent with the spectroscopic redshift distribution of radio-detected SMGs (Chapman et al. 2003). Finally, we have searched for evidence of a high-redshift tail of SMGs amongst the 18 MAMBO sources which are not detected by SCUBA. While we cannot rule out that some of them are SCUBA drop-outs at z >> 3, their overall 850-to-1200μm flux distribution is statistically indistinguishable from that of the 13 SMGS which were robustly identified by both MAMBO and SCUBA.Peer reviewe

Wide-field mid-infrared and millimetre imaging of the high-redshift radio galaxy, 4C41.17

We present deep 350- and 1200-micron imaging of the region around 4C41.17 -- one of the most distant (z = 3.792) and luminous known radio galaxies -- obtained with the Submillimeter High Angular Resolution Camera (SHARC-II) and the Max Planck Millimeter Bolometer Array (MAMBO). The radio galaxy is robustly detected at 350- and 1200-micron, as are two nearby 850-micron-selected galaxies; a third 850-micron source is detected at 350-micron and coincides with a ~ 2-sigma feature in the 1200-micron map. Further away from the radio galaxy an additional nine sources are detected at 1200-micron, bringing the total number of detected (sub)millimeter selected galaxies (SMGs) in this field to 14. Using radio images from the Very Large Array (VLA) and Spitzer mid-infrared (mid-IR) data, we find statistically robust radio and/or 24-micron counterparts to eight of the 14 SMGs in the field around 4C41.17. Follow-up spectroscopy with Keck/LRIS has yielded redshifts for three of the eight robustly identified SMGs, placing them in the redshift range 0.5 < z < 2.7, i.e. well below that of 4C41.17. We infer photometric redshifts for a further four sources using their 1.6-micron (rest-frame) stellar feature as probed by the IRAC bands; only one of them is likely to be at the same redshift as 4C41.17. Thus at least four, and as many as seven, of the SMGs within the 4C41.17 field are physically unrelated to the radio galaxy. With the redshift information at hand we are able to constrain the observed over-densities of SMGs within radial bins stretching to R=50 and 100" (~ 0.4 and ~ 0.8Mpc at z ~ 3.8) from the radio galaxy to ~ 5x and ~ 2x that of the field, dropping off to the background value at R=150". [Abridged]Comment: 20 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

Application of Raman Microspectroscopic and Raman imaging techniques for cell biological studies

Raman spectroscopy is being used to study biological molecules for some three decades now. Thanks to continuing advances in instrumentation more and more applications have become feasible in which molecules are studied in situ, and this has enabled Raman spectroscopy to enter the realms of biomedicine and cell biology [1-5].\ud Here we will describe some of the recent work carried out in our laboratory, concerning studies of human white blood cells and further instrumentational developments

Time-Varying Graphs and Dynamic Networks

The past few years have seen intensive research efforts carried out in some apparently unrelated areas of dynamic systems -- delay-tolerant networks, opportunistic-mobility networks, social networks -- obtaining closely related insights. Indeed, the concepts discovered in these investigations can be viewed as parts of the same conceptual universe; and the formal models proposed so far to express some specific concepts are components of a larger formal description of this universe. The main contribution of this paper is to integrate the vast collection of concepts, formalisms, and results found in the literature into a unified framework, which we call TVG (for time-varying graphs). Using this framework, it is possible to express directly in the same formalism not only the concepts common to all those different areas, but also those specific to each. Based on this definitional work, employing both existing results and original observations, we present a hierarchical classification of TVGs; each class corresponds to a significant property examined in the distributed computing literature. We then examine how TVGs can be used to study the evolution of network properties, and propose different techniques, depending on whether the indicators for these properties are a-temporal (as in the majority of existing studies) or temporal. Finally, we briefly discuss the introduction of randomness in TVGs.Comment: A short version appeared in ADHOC-NOW'11. This version is to be published in Internation Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed System

Discovery of an extremely bright submillimeter galaxy at z=3.93

Serendipitously we have discovered a rare, bright submillimeter galaxy (SMG) with a flux density of 30 +/- 2 mJy at lambda=1.2mm, using MAMBO2 at the IRAM 30-meter millimeter telescope. Although no optical counterpart is known for MM18423+5938, we were able to measure the redshift z=3.92960 +/- 0.00013 from the detection of CO lines using the IRAM Eight MIxer Receiver (EMIR). In addition, by collecting all available photometric data in the far-infrared and radio to constrain its spectral energy distribution, we derive the FIR luminosity 4.8 10^14/m Lsol and mass 6.0 10^9/m Msol for its dust, allowing for a magnification factor m caused by a probable gravitational lens. The corresponding star-formation rate is 8.3 10^4/m Msol/yr. The detection of three lines of the CO rotational ladder, and a significant upper limit for a fourth CO line, allow us to estimate an H2 mass of between 1.9 10^11/m Msol and 1.1 10^12/m Msol. The two lines CI(3p1-3p0) and CI(3p2-3p1) were clearly detected and yield a [CI]/[H2] number abundance between 1.4 10^-5 and 8.0 10^-5. Upper limits are presented for emission lines of HCN, HCO^+, HNC, H_2O and other molecules observed. The moderate excitation of the CO lines is indicative of an extended starburst, and excludes the dominance of an AGN in heating this high-redshift SMG.Comment: Model revised. Accepted as an Astronomy and Astrophysics Letter, 4 pages, 3 figure

The Low CO Content of the Extremely Metal Poor Galaxy I Zw 18

We present sensitive molecular line observations of the metal-poor blue compact dwarf I Zw 18 obtained with the IRAM Plateau de Bure interferometer. These data constrain the CO J=1-0 luminosity within our 300 pc (FWHM) beam to be L_CO < 1 \times 10^5 K km s^-1 pc^2 (I_CO < 1 K km s^-1), an order of magnitude lower than previous limits. Although I Zw 18 is starbursting, it has a CO luminosity similar to or less than nearby low-mass irregulars (e.g. NGC 1569, the SMC, and NGC 6822). There is less CO in I Zw 18 relative to its B-band luminosity, HI mass, or star formation rate than in spiral or dwarf starburst galaxies (including the nearby dwarf starburst IC 10). Comparing the star formation rate to our CO upper limit reveals that unless molecular gas forms stars much more efficiently in I Zw 18 than in our own galaxy, it must have a very low CO-to-H_2 ratio, \sim 10^-2 times the Galactic value. We detect 3mm continuum emission, presumably due to thermal dust and free-free emission, towards the radio peak.Comment: 5 pages in emulateapj style, accepted by the Astrophysical Journa